40 Synonyms for Different

40 Synonyms for Different 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different† 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different† By Mark Nichol Looking for a different way to say â€Å"different†? Here are forty more or less distinct synonyms, along with their sometimes similar, sometimes disparate meanings. 1. Alternate: arranged or occurring in turns, or see alternative; also, every other (also a verb) 2. Alternative: referring to a choice; also, apart from the conventional or usual 3. Assorted: consisting of different kinds 4. Differing: see distinct, or changing from one case or situation to another; also, disagreeing 5. Discernible: able to be recognized as different; also detectable or recognizable 6. Discrete: see distinct 7. Disparate: see distinct, or incompatibly different 8. Dissimilar: not alike 9. Distant: different in kind; also, separated or far away from, going a long way, or far behind, or reserved in behavior, or distracted 10. Distinct: separate, or readily distinguishable; also, notable or unmistakable 11. Divergent: differing from each other or from a standard 12. Divers: see various (also an unrelated and differently pronounced plural form of diver) 13. Diverse: see distinct, or unlike 14. Eclectic: Drawn from various sources, or see heterogeneous 15. Heterogeneous: consisting of dissimilar ingredients or parts 16. Idiosyncratic: having a distinguishable quality; also, eccentric, or hypersensitive 17. Indiscriminate: see heterogeneous or motley; also, random, unrestrained, or careless about distinction 18. Individual: see separate; also, pertaining to an individual or individuality (also a noun) 19. Kitchen-sink: consisting of noticeably different parts; also, referring to the degrading aspects of poverty 20. Magpie: collected indiscriminately; also, acquisitive (also, a person who collects indiscriminately or chatters, or the bird whose behavior inspires these usages) 21. Manifold: see diverse or various; also, many, or consisting of various qualities (also an unrelated noun) 22. Miscellaneous: see diverse 23. Mixed: consisting of more than one kind (also a verb) 24. Motley: incongruously diverse; also, having different-colored markings 25. Multifarious: see diverse or various 26. Particular: see distinct; also, detailed, specific, or exacting or meticulous (also, in plural form, a noun) 27. Peculiar: distinctive; also, unusual or abnormal (this negative connotation predominates, so use with caution) 28. Piebald: consisting of incongruous parts; also, consisting of different colors (especially black and white) 29. Promiscuous: consisting of all types, or not restricted to one type; also, casual, irregular, or tending to have multiple sexual partners (because of this provocative connotation, promiscuous is rarely used in other senses) 30. Raggle-taggle: see motley 31. Ragtag: see motley; also, ragged or slovenly 32. Respective: see separate 33. Separate: not similar; also, autonomous, detached, or individual (also a verb) 34. Several: see distinct and separate; also, exclusive or relating separately, or a few 35. Single: unlike any other; also, lone, unmarried, or celibate, or honest or exclusive, or designed for one, or having only one item or part, or undivided 36. Singular: distinctive; also, exceptional or unusual, or pertaining to a single thing 37. Sundry: miscellaneous or various 38. Variant: varying slightly; also, demonstrating disagreement or variety (also a noun) 39. Varied: see diverse and various; also, having different-colored markings (also a verb) 40. Various: unlike, or of differing kinds, or see separate; also, individual, or having a number of qualities, or an indefinite number more than one Note, however, that different is often redundant, as in â€Å"They came up with many different ideas† (do you need to specify that the ideas they came up with were not identical?), so consider whether it is necessary to replace the deleted word at all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageProved vs. ProvenThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Enron Corporation

Enron Corporation Introduction Enron Corporation was an American company that used to manufacture diverse products and provide services. It was based in Houston, Texas. According to Fusaro Miller (2002), the story of this company is considered to be the most spectacular and scandalous business failure in history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enron Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before it became bankrupt in 2001, the company had employed about 22,000 people. Enron was among the leading company in products such as gas, paper, pulp, electricity and many more. Its revenue hit the $ 101 billion mark by the year 2000 but unfortunately met its death a year later (Deakin and Konzelmann, 2003). The downfall came as a surprise to many, since it had been named as the most innovative company a while ago. It was realized later that financial situation and success had been sustained by mere acts of corruption in form of accounting fraud. This got the name the Enron scandal. Since then, the company has served as an example of a company run through corruption and fraud (Salter, 2008). This paper will use Enron as a case study while addressing how it upset the tenets of agency theory and looked at the presumed priority of shareholders interests above those of other stakeholders. Agency theory The classic definition of agency theory proposes that a company can be regarded as a network of contracts between the holders of resources. This relationship occurs when one or more people, known as principals, hire other people to do particular tasks and leave the decision-making process to the agents. Some examples of such a relationship are the manager and stakeholder, and the relationship between stockholders and debt holders (Jesen and Meckling, 1994). Agency theory depicts the issues that occur in these relationships and they are referred to as the agency conflicts. These are the conflicting interests of the agents a nd their principals. Such things have a negative effect on the business ethics and on corporate governance (Fischer and Lovell, 2006). This also has a negative impact on the economy since there is an agency cost, which is the cost incurred in order to sustain an efficient agency relationship. Such costs may come in form of the management performance bonuses that are meant to give encouragement to the managers to behave in such a way as to favor the shareholders.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitations to agency theory One assumption to the agency theory is that whenever the principal-agent goal is not congruent, then the behavior that instills the self-interest of the agent in utilizing to the maximum results in the maximization of wealth by the principal. Another limitation is that the compensation incentives that are meant to align the agents and the principa ls are likely to spur the agents to maximize their utility and consequently maximize the wealth of the company. Another limitation to agency theory is that there is the lack of empirical support for such a relationship among principals and agents. This leads to the coming up of two different responses. One of them is that the research that would come up in the future should change and perform a better job in terms of measuring the variables at the agencies. The second thing would be to focus more on the process rather than the issues to do with the structure. In other words, they would require the use of longitudinal studies (John, 2007). Enron case The Enron case was that of bankruptcy and this occurred in October 2001. It was additionally attributed as the largest audit failure in American. In 1985, Kenneth Lay formed Enron. This happened after there was a merger between InterNorth and Houston Natural gas. Later on, a certain manager was hired and that was the beginning of Enronâ €™s downfall. This was because he hired a group of employees (executives) who could cleverly use the loopholes in accounting to provide incorrect financial reports. This is whereby the company could hide its huge debts and avoid reporting failed projects. The CEO and other executives made a lie out of the BODs of Enron and at the same time insisted that Andersen should ignore it. The shareholders lost billions of dollars when the stock price came down so bad. The cause of all this was the lack of transparency and accountability when it came to the financial statements (Fox, 2003). Presumed priority of shareholders interests The theory of shareholder primacy asserts that the interests of the shareholders should be put as the first priority. This gives the shareholders the power to directly intercede in the decision making process in the corporations and this includes amending some corporate charters (Smith, 1998). Conclusion Enron was one of the leading companies that supplied a variety of products in America but failed due to some bad managerial practices that included corruption. The corrupt leaders violated the agreement between the shareholders and disregarded the priorities that should govern such relationships. The shareholders ended up in losing billions on investments that has never yield any fruits. Bad leadership is to blame for the death of a great corporation that served the people with goods and services. The shareholders, who formed the larger part of the community, were the ones that suffered most for the mistakes made by others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enron Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Deakin, S Konzelmann, S 2003, ‘After Enron: An age of enlightenment?’, Organization, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 583-587. Fischer, C Lovell, A 2006, Business ethics and values, London, FT. Fox, L 2003. Enron: The rise and fall, John Wiley Sons, New Y ork. Fusaro, PC Miller, RM 2002, What went wrong at Enron: everyones guide to the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Jesen, E Meckling, W 1994, The nature of man, Harvard University Press, Harvard. John, F 2007, ‘Professor Bebchuk’s brave new world: A reply to the myth of the shareholder Franchise’, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 773-787. Salter, M 2008, Innovation corrupted: The origins and legacy of Enron’s collapse, Harvard University Press, Harvard.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smith, D 1998, ‘The shareholder primacy norm’, Journal of Corporation Law, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 296.

Symbolism in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe Essay

Symbolism in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example As he tells his frequently bizarre and frightening tales, Poe presents his readers with symbol-rich imagery and descriptions based on binary oppositions to help build the suspense and horror of his tale. As Mowery explains, binary oppositions are things such as hot and cold, male and female, dark and light. â€Å"It is in the subtle shifts in our expectations of the character that tension and conflict are developed† (1997). This concept is frequently illustrated in terms of the madness that comes upon characters as they experience deep feelings that had potential to overwhelm. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† Edgar Allan Poe uses madness and symbolism to convey love and hate. Poe employs two primary objects in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† to illustrate the cause of his narrator’s madness. The old man’s eye is the first of these symbols to appear within the text of the story. As the narrator attempts to explain why he felt led to murder, he says, It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture – a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees – very gradually – I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye for ever. (156). Basic medical knowledge to the modern reader quickly identifies this condition as symptoms of a cataract, a film that gradually creeps over the eye of an elderly person, eventually rendering him or her blind while also changing the color of the eye to a pale bluish color. It is this encroachment that seems to so bother the narrator, â€Å"it was not the old man who vexed

Wal Mart - Economic part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal Mart - Economic part - Essay Example The primary data I used to get a glimpse of the nature of issues facing Wal-Mart included visiting a number of branches and observing the in-store traffic. I also observed the type of customers by age and observed the items that they picked as their preferences. I also interviewed the customers about the nature of services that they expect to find in all Wal-Mart stores. The secondary data I used include scrutinizing the monthly and annual sales report that is compiled by employees. I also read the company report that shows its annual expansion rate. Although Wal-Mart has experienced a remarkable growth and expansion in its market over the years, there still exists a large market for expansion in both domestic and overseas market. This if exploited will enable it to continue dominating grocery retail and consumer goods markets. With this kind of expansion, Wal-Mart would become the market leader by revenue and profitability. Wal-Mart can also take advantage of the economic opportunities by target different segments, especially the more affluent populations. This requires demystify the notion that discount prices are only meant for those with low incomes. Serious awareness is needed that discount stores and there to save money for all citizens as a way of improving their economic status. To appeal to all classes of customers, there is need to increase product availability by increasing the number of each product line. Wal-Mart will continue to lead the market because low prices will always attract customers. This is may remain a competitive advantage for Wal-Mart for a long time since the global economy is experiencing recession and may remain so for a long foreseeable future. Wal-Mart can overcome competition by offering to better prices by adopting the most effective supply, high quality products, and therefore becoming different from its competitors. It has the most effective supply chain

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 36

Case Study Example ase idea will benefit travelers in that they will be able to book a full package in that; if they are touring a region they can get all the services at one stop. Services such as the airline to use, the vehicle to use when on land and hotels are inclusive and easily accessible. In this exhibit, there will be benefits both to travelers and the travel agencies in that; the traveler can travel according to their potentials where there is a category for budget travelers who do not require using a lot of money, while the luxury travelers will require more comfort. Decision making will be easier for the travelling agencies due to the classifications of travelers (Mohinder, 2009). This classification will be beneficial to the agencies in that they will be able to make decisions based on the ability of their clients and consequently treat a client fairly and thus increasing their customer base (David & Nancy, 2012). This exhibit according to the case idea demonstrates the customer base beginning from 2007 when a new CEO is hired. Considering the vertical axis as the customer base in hundreds of thousands and the horizontal axis as the years moving forward, it illustrates that in the year 2007 the customer base was at 600,000. The figure increases to 800,000 customers in 2011 resulting from the acquisition of 16 percent by Tencent Company. This figure is predicted to rise in 2017 due to the recommendations made and the figure is projected to be at one million customers. This means the customer base in the projected future life will increase accordingly (Mohinder, 2009). Considering exhibit 5, the case idea recommends that the increase in the customer base through the methods stated earlier, will lead to increase in the profits due to increase in the travel activities above (Harvard business review on thriving in emerging markets,

Training Cycles For A Basketball Player

Training Cycles For A Basketball Player I am designing a years training program for a basketball player who is at an academy level. I will be providing four cycles, a macrocycle, mesocycle and two detailed microcycle Key components of fitness for the player to improve are: Position: small forward 6ft 4 age 18- They are generally the most versatile player in the team. Should be an explosive player because they have to rebound the ball and have the strength to be able to guard the bigger players in the post. Muscular Endurance Basketball is a continuous game that goes on for 40minutes. It requires a high level of muscular endurance for continues jumping throughout the game e.g. for rebounds through out the game, for shooting the ball or for doing lay ups for the legs, the arms they need to constantly dribble, catch the ball, shoot the ball and pass. Importance: Muscular endurance allows the player to give continuous maximum effort through out the game with out fatigue affecting performance. The higher the level of endurance the better the performance as the sports requires constant jumping and sprinting (Muzawazi 2010). It is important that he has this because the athletes on an international level play a more intense game and it requires more energy to be exerted than on a national level that he is used to. Muscular Strength it is important that he has strength, as the description I put of his position above that he would have to guard bigger opponents. He would also need to help him when rebounding the ball to able to hold opponents off and also when he is being fouled while in the act of shooting, he would be able to have the strength to then attempt scoring. Power: the ability of a muscle to exert maximum force instantly in an explosive burst of movements in one muscular contraction. The two components of power are strength and speed (Neate, 1996). I will be focusing on improving his vertical leap ability in the preseason. It is important for him to have a greater leaping ability because then he can shoot jumper higher to shoot over taller players, contest for the rebounds with the taller players by being able to get off the ground quicker by being more explosive. Agility- A high level of agility is important at getting past agile defenders. Importance: having the ability to change direction without loosing speed and staying in control is a very important at being a good basketball player. Whether it is a tall who is not as agile as the smaller players but is more agile than his big opponents gives him an advantage. What are the goals? The athletes goals are that they want to perform well enough in the first part of the season at get recommended at to try out for the England U20 team. When are they to be achieved? The national team trials are to be held at the late December early January. They will be identified in the macrocycle. How are they going to be achieved? It has to be a double peak season as they will have to peak end of December early January for the trails then peak again late March for league playoffs and Cup finals and early April for international tournaments. Periodisation model I will be using the Matveyev model of Periodisation which puts the year plan into 3periods of training. There is a preparation, competition then the transition (the off season). The problem I have is with this model is that I need my athlete to peak at two parts of the season that is the middle and at the end of the season. The problem with this type of model of periodisation is that it doesnt allow for two peaks that I want my player to have so I have to try and achieve that by varying the intensity of training with my athlete. I didnt use models that allowed two peaks because they were not fitting to the basketball seasons. Cycles A microcycle lasts for five to 10 days for my program it will be a week cycle. It takes a week in from the mesocycle and shows it in as much detail as possible. A mesocycle usually covers four to 12 weeks it takes a part of a year cycle and shows a more detailed. A macrocycle can last from 10months to 4 years. This is can be used to plan season after season until a major event e.g. Olympics or can be planning for a major event that occurs each year e.g. playoffs. Programs Month Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Pre-season Season Offseason Strength training Basic Maximum Maintain Recovery Power Plyometrics Maintain Agility Drills Maintain Endurance Continuous Anaerobic Maintain Maintain Events T P/I.T Intensity Medium High High Medium High Medium High low low Key T- England trails P-Playoffs I.T International Tournament Strength Training As my athlete has not done much strength training I chose to start basic because it means that it gives them time to build a foundation for them to then start lifting heavier weights. It is important to prepare the body by targeting all of the major muscle groups, tendons, ligaments and joints helping to prevent injury (Bompa 1999). Maximal Strength part of the off season is not to build muscle or bulk up the player but is to increase the amount of maximum force he can produce from his muscles. Increase maximal muscle has to be specific to the sport and the movements involved. A more appropriate exercise however is a barbell squat, which closely matches the movement pattern of the vertical jump. Taken a step further, jump squats are even more specific to jumping and its not surprising that they increase vertical jump performance to the greatest extent (Wilson, Newton, Murphy, Humphries 1993). Though the athlete may undergo some hypertrophy because of the neuromuscular adaptations to the chronic stress of lifting heavier weights. The fast twitch fibres become thicker and increase their efficiency of the glycolysis. There will also be the conversion of the Type 11a fibres known as fast oxidative glycolytic fibres; they have the ability to adapt themselves depending on the athletes training. This is because basketb all is a game that relies on the anaerobic energy systems more than the aerobic system. I will be using free weights because the athlete will have to control the bar which means not only will they be recruiting monitor units for muscles being worked but also those which help gain control of the bar, stabilise it and maintain body balance (Wilmore, Costill 2004). Power Plyometrics-I included Plyometrics because it is perfect for increasing my athletes vertical leaping ability. It helps make the covert the maximal strength into power so that it is more specific to the sport. Strength is not useful unless it is can either be exerted when needed in a specific movement in the sport. Plyometrics is known as the jumping training, it is proposed to bridge the gap between speed and strength training. Plyometrics uses the stretch reflex to facilitate recruitment of motor units (Wilmore, Costill 2004). Muscular endurance I chose to start with aerobic training even though the game of basketball focuses on using the anaerobic systems. I chose to do this because Bompa (2005) suggest that starting with aerobic endurance first then secondly anaerobic is important because increasing the aerobic endurance allows for physiological improvements such as cardiovascular efficiency, biochemical improvements of increased mitochondria and capillary density and thus resulting in the greater diffusion and use of oxygen and the breakdown of fat and the removal of lactic acid. Agility I included agility to make sure that the athlete doesnt lose it because of hypertrophy that might occur from the strength training. He might increase in mass which might make it harder for him to move around swiftly. So putting agility drills in the preseason is to bring his agility back up to what it was in the previous season because he would have lost some in the off-season and then maintain it over the strength training period. Mesocycle Month Late March April May Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Strength training x x x Power x x Agility x x x Endurance x x x Skill and Strategies x x x x x x x Intensity H L M L L L L Matches 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 International Matches 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 I took this mesocycle from the most important part of the season. The playoffs and the international tournaments happen after each other. The play offs occur during the week before a half term and then the international tournament happens in the first week of the half term and allows for a rest week during the second week of the half term. Training in the weeks before the season ends is high because I want him to push the boundary he has been playing at mid season so that in the weeks of the playoffs and tournaments his strength and explosive ability has peaked as he might decrease in strength from doing medium intensity after peaking in December/January. I want his skill to peak because once he has the physical attributes to compete he will need his skill level to be at its highest all season so that he may dominate opponents and make an impact on his first appearance on the international stage. During the play off week and the international tournament week training will be low intensity consist of mostly skill and strategy based sessions because there will be no time in the week with 3 or 4 matches to have set up sessions to improve the components of fitness. The aim is to get as much rest as possible and spent time working on set plays and refining skills to win the tournament as physical preparation has already taken place. Microcycle Power phase (August-September) goal is to increase muscular power. Rest muscles for 2-3 minutes between sets and exercises. Do low reps at a high intensity which means doing it as fast as possible. 1-3 sets of 2-4 reps., 3 times a week. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Crunches, twist crunches Crunches Russian Twist Crunches, REST REST Legs: DB jump squat, jump lunges, Calf raisers Sideline touch and elbow shot 410 Total body: Clean and jerk Baseline the top of the key shot. 4x 10 Total Body: DB hang snatch, hang cleans Plyometrics Squat Depth Jump (410) 5 shuttle suicides Upper Body: Bench Press, Incline press Legs: stiff leg dead lifts, leg press. Calf raisers T-Test agility drill 3 attempts Skill work Arms: Biceps curls, triceps extensions Skill work Upper Body: DB incline, DB military 5 shuttle suicides Lane agility drill 3attempts Plyometrics Box Jump As I has stated above the table those are the number of reps and sets targeted to be done for each exercise unless stated otherwise in the table. At this point of the pre season I have started including basketball specific endurance drills so that athletes are preparing start preparing a shooting when they are tired mentality which is needed many times in basketball. Players that can shoot the ball well late into a game, stand out and also become the go to guys on their team because that attribute allows them to win games for their teams e.g. Kobe Bryant scores a lot of his points in they last quarter because the defence is tired as he has the endurance to keep going at them while everyone in his team becomes tired which means he gets the ball more. Having him practise drills after doing endurance work, helps him refine his technique even more because when he can do the skills and perfect the correct technique when he is tired it not only allows him to perform better when he isnt tired but also helps build the mentality required for the late stages of the game. I also introduced the interval training for the endurance drills because basketball is a sport that mainly uses the anaerobic systems. As Bomba, Carrera (2005) stated that basketball is uses the ATP-Pc system 80%of the time. So training this system is important to the athletes performance as he will need to get it to peak condition so that he can perform his at a highest level possible throughout the whole game. The agility drills are to be done between 10-20seconds to keep them specific to the energy system being used and they will also involve stopping starting and changing in directions and running forwards and backwards and sidestepping. This is defiantly specific to the sport of basketball as all these movements occur in the sport so it also improves the ability to move effectively around the court. Microcycle 2 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Crunches, twist crunches G A M E D A Y R E S T Crunches, R E S T Skill work Sideline touch and elbow shot 410 Legs: stiff leg dead lifts, leg press. Calf raisers 5 shuttle suicides Plyometrics Squat Depth Jump (410) Strategies/plays Upper Body: Bench Press, Incline press Lane agility Drill X3 T-Test agility drill 3 attempts Skill Drills Plyometrics Box Jump Arms: Biceps curls, triceps extensions 5 shuttle suicides Skill drills Maintenance phase/Sport specific exercise goal is to maintain muscular power. Rest 2-3 minutes between sets and exercises, Doing low reps and high intensity which means 1-3 sets of 2-4 reps, 2 times a week The point of this in-season training is to maintain the athletes physical gains they have obtained over the summer (preseason). Its also time for the athlete to improve and refine their dribbling, shooting techniques etc but most importantly to improve on their teamwork so that he can have a successful season as part of the team because that the way most scouts will get attracted, by a winning team. So by reducing the strength training, power and agility training to twice a week high intense session it brings him to a maintenance level and increasing the skill based work makes for time to improve his skill level. How I will be testing for improvements Test will happen at the beginning, middle and end of pre season and 5weeks before an important event. Vertical Jump test Figure 1 For many years, tests such as the standing broad jump and vertical jump have been used as field tests to evaluate an individual explosive anaerobic power. (Powers, Howley 2007) I will use this test at the beginning, middle and end of the preseason. I will do it again at the end of November so that I can establish whether or not he has maintained his gains before the trails. This measures not only the vertical leap of a player but it is also used to find out how much explosive power they have. Wall can be used for this measurement as illustrated in the figure 1 or a vertex machine can be used to measure the vertical leap. Figure 1 shows how the test is performed. Athlete is to stand and reach as far as possible and label the point as M1. The athlete will jump from stationary position and see mark the highest point they reach as M2. The distance between M1 and M2 is recorded and compared to the norms. This test is valid because in basketball there is constant jumping throughout the game so the test applies directly to the match. Strength Although the bench press is not the most sport-specific strength test for basketball, it is a reliable assessment for upper-body strength. Evaluation standards have also been established for the bench press and so I am going to use it as a test. The athlete will perform two warm-up sets of approximately five to ten repetitions. Followed by a three minute rest, I will load the barbell with an amount of weight that I have deemed appropriate for the athlete. The weight selection was chosen in order to fatigue the athlete in less than eight repetitions. So I decided to that 50kg would be enough for a good weight as he is only starting weight lifting. I also decided that this weight would be best as the NBA tests athletes at 90kg and they are elite athletes. This protocol has been used in predicting 1RM and has been shown to be reliable and valid (Brzycki 1993) Lane agility drill Figure 2 The point of this test is to see the ability of an athlete to maintain speed and body control while changing direction. Set up cones as shown in the image. Figure 2 shows how the test is to set up and the movement the player is to take http://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/agility-lane.htm Sprint forwards to the baseline. At the cone, change movement to a side shuffle to the right across the baseline. At the next cone back pedal up the lane to the foul line, then side shuffle left back towards the start line. Then do it in reverse back to the start line. Having the ability to change direction without loosing speed and staying in control is a very important at being a good basketball player. Whether it is a tall player who is not as agile as the smaller players but is more agile than his big opponents gives him an advantage. Norms Vertical Jump Test % Rank Females Males 1-10 76.20 81.30 cm 86.35 91.45 cm 11-20 71.11 76.19 cm 81.30 86.34 cm 21-30 66.05 71.10 cm 76.20 81.29 cm 31-40 60.95 66.04 cm 71.10 76.19 cm 41-50 55.90 60.94 cm 66.05 71.09 cm 51-60 50.80 55.89 cm 60.95 66.04 cm 61-70 45.71 50.79 cm 55.90 60.94 cm 71-80 40.65 45.70 cm 50.80 55.89 cm 81-90 35.55 40.64 cm 45.70 50.79 cm 91-100 30.50 35.54 cm 40.65 45.69 cm Table reference: (D.A. Chu 1996) shows elite athlete norms I expect to see my athlete enter the top 40% of athletes for him to compete on an international at the age of 18. As he is not an elite athlete yet but to be on route to I expect him to be in that top 40%. Lane agility test position males females guards 10.2 10.9 13.0 14.5 forwards 11.0 11.4 14.6 15.5 centres 11.5 12.3 14.6 15.5 FIBA Assist Magazine, 17, 2005, p62 Norms I expect to see my athlete increase in strength so that he can is able to maintain body control while colliding with opponents. I expect to see him increase in explosive strength so that he can leap of the ground faster than most opponents so that he can contribute to rebounding for the team and shoot over most opponents. His increase in physical attributes should allow to gain an extra advantage over the players in the league and for him to have a firm base for him to start on for his international team. Referencing Muzawazi A.T Basketball Regime, Training and Testing (2010) Powers S .K, Howley E.T- Exercise Physiology (sixth edition) 2007 Neate D., P.E essentials 1996 Bompa T.O, Haff G.G Periodisation: Theory and Methodology of Training (2009) Bompa T.O, Carrera M Periodisation Training for Sports. Third edition (2005) Wilmore J.H, Costill D.L- Physiology of sport and exercise 3rd edition (2004) Wilson G.J, Newton R.U, Murphy A.J, Humphries B.J The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Nov; 25(11):1279-86

Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Essays -- Existence Go

Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthful, they do no prove the existence of God. At the start of the meditation, Descartes begins by rejecting all his beliefs, so that he would not be deceived by any misconceptions from reaching the truth. Descartes acknowledges himself as, â€Å"a thing that thinks: that is, a thing that doubts, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things† He is certain that that he thinks and exists because his knowledge and ideas are both ‘clear and distinct’. Descartes proposes a general rule, â€Å"that whatever one perceives very clearly and very distinctly is true† Descartes discovers, â€Å"that he can doubt what he clearly and distinctly perceives is true led to the realization that his first immediate priority should be to remove the doubt† because, â€Å"no organized body of knowledge is possible unless the doubt is removed† The best probable way to remove the doubt is prove that God exists, that he is not a deceiver and â€Å"will always guarantee that any clear and d istinct ideas that enter our minds will be true.† Descartes must remove the threat of an invisible demon that inserts ideas and doubts into our minds to fool us , in order to rely on his ‘clear and distinct’ rule. In constructing his argument for God's existence, Descartes analyzes several aspects of the nature of human thought. He begins by outlining the various types of thoughts we have, which include ideas, thoughts, volitions and judgments. Ideas, or images of ideas can only exist within the mind and are certain of existence. Volitions, or choices are firmly within the mind and are also certain. Emotions, such as love, fear, hate, all exist in the mind and are certain as well. Judgments involve reference to effects outside the mind and are subject to doubt. Therefore, judgments are not certain and distinct. Descartes believes that images, volitions, and emotions are never false but it is our judg... ... God alone remains; and, given the truth of the principle that whatever exists has a cause, it follows, Descartes declares, that God exists we must of necessity conclude from the fact alone that I exist, or that the idea of a supremely perfect – that is of God – is in me, that the proof of God’s existence is grounded in the highest evidence† Descartes concludes that God must be the cause of him, and that God innately implanted the idea of infinite perfection in him. Descartes second argument for proving God’s existence is very straightforward. He has four possibilities that created his existence. Through process of elimination he is left with God being his creator. Descartes succeeded in some parts of his proof for the existence of God, but failed in proving God’s existence from a logical point of view. Most religions prove that anybody can be right in his own description of existence of God. So, Descartes is right in his own way, but to others to accept his idea is totally up to them. No one is certain that God exists. Although there are many causes that could make one believe God is for certain, those causes which might be perceived, does not necessarily make them true.

Introduction To Magnetic Coupling Engineering Essay

Two music directors are denoted to as inductively coupled or magnetically coupled when they are constructed such that alteration in current flow through one wire induces a electromotive force across the terminals of the other wire through electromagnetic initiation. The measure of inductive matching between two music directors is measured by their common induction. The yoke among two wires can be increased by weaving them into spirals and puting them near together on a common axis, so the magnetic field of one spiral passes through the other spiral. The two spirals may be physically enclosed in a individual unit, as in the primary and secondary sides of a transformer, or may be separated. Yoke may be intended or unintended. Unintentional yoke is called cross-talk, and is a signifier of electromagnetic intervention. Inductive matching favours low frequence energy beginnings. High frequence energy beginnings by and large use capacitive yoke. An inductively coupled transponder involves an electronic informations transporting device, normally a individual micro chip, and a big spiral that maps as an aerial. Inductively conjugate transponders are about ever operated inactively.UsesDevicess that use inductive yoke comprises:TransformersA transformer is a device that handovers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors-the transformer ‘s spirals. A altering current in the first or primary twist creates a variable magnetic flux in the transformer ‘s nucleus, and therefore a variable magnetic field through the secondary twist. This altering magnetic field induces a fluctuating electromotive force ( EMF ) or â€Å" electromotive force † in the secondary twist. This consequence is called common initiation. If a burden is connected to the secondary, an electric current will flux in the secondary twist and electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer to the burden. In an ideal transformer, the induced electromotive force in the secondary twist ( VS ) is in proportion to the primary electromotive force ( VP ) , and is given by the ratio of the figure of bends in the secondary ( NS ) to the figure of bends in the primary ( NP ) as follows: By appropriate choice of the ratio of bends, a transformer therefore allows an jumping current ( AC ) electromotive force to be â€Å" stepped up † by doing NS greater than NP, or â€Å" stepped down † by doing NS less than NP. In the huge bulk of transformers, the twists are coils lesion around a ferromagnetic nucleus, air-core transformers being a noteworthy exclusion. Transformers range in size from a thumbnail-sized yoke transformer hidden inside a phase mike to immense units weighing 100s of dozenss used to complect parts of power grids. All operate with the same basic rules, although the scope of designs is broad. While new engineerings have eliminated the demand for transformers in some electronic circuits, transformers are still found in about all electronic devices designed for family ( â€Å" brinies † ) electromotive force. Transformers are indispensable for high electromotive force power transmittal, which makes long distance transmittal economically practical.Electric motors and generatorsAn electric motor uses electrical energy to bring forth mechanical energy, really typically through the interaction of magnetic Fieldss and current-carrying music directors. The contrary procedure, bring forthing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Grip motors used on vehicles frequently perform bot h undertakings. Many types of electric motors can be run as generators, and frailty versa. Electric motors are found in applications every bit diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, family contraptions, power tools, and disc thrusts. They may be powered by direct current ( for illustration a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle ) , or by jumping current from a cardinal electrical distribution grid. The smallest motors may be found in electric wrist watchs. Medium-size motors of extremely standardized dimensions and features provide convenient mechanical power for industrial utilizations. The really largest electric motors are used for propulsion of big ships, and for such intents as grapevine compressors, with evaluations in the 1000000s of Watts. Electric motors may be classified by the beginning of electric power, by their internal building, by their application, or by the type of gesture they give. The physical rule of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field was known every bit early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the nineteenth century, but commercial development of electric motors on a big graduated table required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution webs. Some devices, such as magnetic solenoids and speaker units, although they generate some mechanical power, are non by and large referred to as electric motors, and are normally termed actuators and transducers, severally.Induction loop communicating systemsInduction cringle is a term used to depict an electromagnetic communication- and sensing system, trusting on the fact that a traveling magnet will bring on a electrical current in a nearby conducting wire. Induction cringles are used for transmittal and response of communicating signals, or for sensing of metal objects in metal sensors or vehicle presence indexs. A common modern usage for initiation cringles is to supply hearing aid to hearing assistance users.Artworks tabletA artworks tablet ( or digitising tablet, artworks pad, pulling tablet [ 1 ] ) is a computing machine input device that allows one to hand-draw images and artworks, similar to the manner one draws images with a pencil and paper. These tablets may besides be used to capture informations or handwritten signatures. A artworks tablet ( besides called pen tablet or digitiser ) consists of a level surface upon which the user may â€Å" pull † an image utilizing an affiliated stylus, a pen-like drawing setup. The image by and large does non look on the tablet itself but, instead, is displayed on the computing machine proctor. Some tablets nevertheless, come as a operation secondary computing machine screen that you can interact with straight utilizing the stylus. Some tablets are intended as a general replacing for a mouse as the primary pointing and pilotage device for desktop computing machines.Radio Frequency IdentificationRadio-frequency designation ( RFID ) is the usage of an object ( typically referred to as an RFID ticket ) applied to or incorporated into a merchandise, carnal, or individual for the intent of designation and tracking utilizing wireless moving ridges. Some tickets can be read from several metres off and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Radio-frequency designation comprises inquisitors ( besides known as readers ) , and tickets ( besides known as labels ) . Most RFID ticket contain at least two parts. One is an incorporate circuit for hive awaying and treating information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency ( RF ) signal, and other specialised maps. The 2nd is an aerial for having and conveying the signal.Inductive ModemsResonant energy transportationResonant energy transportation or resonating inductive yoke is the short-distance wireless transmittal of energy between two spirals that are extremely resonating at the same frequence. The equipment to make this is sometimes called a resonating transformer. While many transformers employ resonance, this type has a high Q and is about ever air-cored to avoid ‘iron ‘ losingss. [ commendation needed ] The spirals may be present in a individual piece of equipment or in separate pieces of equipment. Resonant transportation plants by doing a spiral pealing with an hovering current. This generates an oscillatory magnetic field. Because the spiral is extremely resonating any energy placed in the spiral dies off comparatively easy over really many rhythms ; but if a 2nd spiral is brought near to it, the spiral can pick up most of the energy before it is lost, even if it is some distance off. One of the applications of the resonating transformer is for the CCFL inverter. Another application of the resonating transformer is to match between phases of a superheterodyne receiving system, where the selectivity of the receiving system is provided by tuned transformers in the intermediate-frequency amplifiers. [ 1 ] Resonant transformers such as the Tesla spiral can bring forth really high electromotive forces without curving, and are able to supply much higher current than electrostatic high-potential coevals machines such as the Van de Graaff generator. [ Inductive charging merchandises charge batteries utilizing inductive yoke, such as eCoupled ; Torches, Cochlear Implants and many electric toothbrushes. Inductive charging uses the electromagnetic field to reassign energy between two objects. A bear downing station sends energy through inductive yoke to an electrical device, which shops the energy in the batteries. Because there is a little spread between the two spirals, inductive charging is one sort of short-distance radio energy transportation. The other sort of charging, direct wired contact ( besides known as conductive charging or direct yoke ) requires direct electrical contact between the batteries and the courser. Conductive charging is achieved by linking a device to a power beginning with plug-in wires, such as a moorage station, or by traveling batteries from a device to courser. Initiation coursers typically use an initiation spiral to make an alternating electromagnetic field from within a bear downing base station, and a 2nd initiation spiral in the portable device takes power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into electrical current to bear down the battery. The two initiation spirals in propinquity combine to organize an electrical transformerInitiation cookers and initiation warming systemsAn initiation cooker uses a type of initiation warming for cooking. It is chiefly distinguished from other common signifiers of stovetop cookery by the fact that the heat is generated straight in the cookery vas, as opposed to being generated in the stovetop ( as by electrical spirals or firing gas ) and so transferred to the cooking vas. In an initiation stovetop, a spiral of Cu wire — an electromagnet — is placed underneath the cookery pot. An oscillatory current is applied to that spiral, which produces an oscillatory magnetic field. That magnetic field creates heat in the cooking vas over it, in two different ways. First, it induces a current in the electrically conductive pot, which produces Joule ( I2R ) heat. Second, it besides creates magnetic hysteresis losingss in the ferromagnetic pot. The first consequence dominates: hysteresis losingss typically account for less than 10 per centum of the entire heat generated. [ 1 ]Low frequence initiationLow frequence initiation is an unwanted signifier of inductive yoke, which can happen when a metallic grapevine is installed parallel to a high-potential power line. The grapevine, which is a music director, and is insulated from the Earth by its protective coating, can develop electromotive forces which are risky to personnel runing valves or otherwise rea ching the grapevine.Significance and Applications.Magnetic yokes are used to convey rotational and/or additive gesture without direct contact and Rotary yokes Linear yokes Hysteresis yokes Eddy current yokes Rotary yokes are chiefly used to extinguish the usage of seals in revolving and reciprocating machines, such as seal-less pumps and pistons.A Use of magnetic couplings improves the dependability and safety facets of such machines because seals are prone to deterioration over clip and cause leaks. Rotary magnetic couplings used in these applications are designed in two constellations – co-axial and face-to-face.A A In the co-axial constellation, the two halves of the coupling are mounted co-axially with each other and nested one within the other.A The outer member is typically connected to the motor and the interior member to the driven system, for illustration, the pump in a seal-less pump. A cup-shaped stationary member, mounted to the pump organic structure, resides between the driver and follower and separates the fluids on the pump side from the environment on the motor side.A Materials for the barrier cup and exposed surfaces of the follower are chosen to last uninterrupted contact with the fluids being pumped.A The thickness of the barrier is designed to defy any force per unit area derived function without important distortion. Face-to-face type yokes are used where axial length is at premium and some misalignment demands to be tolerated.A The two pancake-shaped parts consisting this type of coupling have magnets mounted on the close faces.A The separation barrier in this instance can be every bit simple as a level wall.A One facet of face-to-face type yokes is considerable attractive force between the two members. Linear and rotary magnetic yokes, and loanblends of the two, besides find application in vacuity engineering where place or gesture must be transmitted across a vacuity barrier.A An added consideration in these applications is stiffness of the yoke ; minimising the slowdown between driver and follower.A Linear magnetic yokes, following similar rules, allow precise control of robotics inside vacuity systems.A These couplings are used in the semiconducting material industry to place objects within a clean chamber. Elimination of seals and decrease of the figure of constituents inside the chamber improves taint control and enhances system dependability. In all the above instances, greater torque/force capacity is realized with stronger magnets, increased diameter and decreased radial gap.A An added consideration in these designs is the stiffness of the matching which consequences in more precise control.A Devices operating at elevated temperatures ( & gt ; 120 A °C ) typically employ Sm-Co magnets while others may utilize Nd-Fe-B or ceramic magnets. Hysteresis yokes are typically used where a torsion modification is needed, such as in the bottle cresting industry.A Eddy current couplings exhibit torsion that increases linearly with increasing revolutions per minute.A They are frequently employed in clasps and in couplings where utmost misalignment demands to be tolerated.A Hysteresis and eddy current rules may besides be used in the design of additive couplings. Magnetic Yokes are used in the industry to convey torsion through a spread. This spread is the distance between two members of the yoke. Between this spread, one may hold air, vacuity, fluids, centrifuge cups, or other similar points. There are two basic constellations that are utilized ; the Axial and Radial design. The Axial design requires that the two magnet systems face each other, similar to two battercakes confronting each other. As one member rotates, the other follows. The maximal torsion will be determined by many factors, such as air spread, figure of poles, stuffs selected, working temperature, etc. The Radial design requires that the magnet systems are homocentric to each other. As one member, typically the outer rotates andA the other follows. When choosing the barrier stuff between the matching members, see eddy current effects, since the flux lines of the magnetic yoke will cut the barrier material.A Conductive stuffs will get down to heat as the RPM is increased.A Conductive stuffs used as the barrier stuff will take opposition of the matching gesture, as some of the input work will turn into the eddy current losingss ( heat ) .A At higher RPM, over 600 RPM, this loss can be important. Typically, matching assemblies do non be as a standard â€Å" off the shelf † point. They have to be designed for each application, so manufactured. Depending on the complexness of your design, technology charges may use. If you are able to utilize a constellation that is near to something that we already have designed, and you are non concerned about â€Å" optimising † the constellation, engineering/design charges will non use. Yokes may be hermetically sealed so that they may work in rough environments, such as chemical applications.A Applications of magnetic yokes include atomic environments, chemically risky environments, high temperature environments, oil boring applications ( downhole ) , vacuity applications, andA quiver isolation applications. Industries that have benefited from magnetic yokes include aerospace, medical, chemical, pharmaceutical, nutrient, biotechnology, industrial ovens, compressors, metering, A A and fluid mechanicss, because magnetic yokes are the lone device that can convey contact free torsion.Magnetically-Coupled CircuitsA current i1 at L1 produces opencircuit electromotive force v2 at L2. A current i2 at L2 produces an unfastened circuit electromotive force v1 at L1. Current come ining the flecked terminus of one spiral produces a electromotive force that is sensed positively at the flecked terminus of the 2nd spiral. Current come ining the undotted terminus of one spiral produces a electromotive force that is sensed positively at the undotted terminus of the 2nd spiral. ( a ) A circuit incorporating common induction in which the electromotive force ratio V2/ V1 is desired. ( B ) Self and common inductions are replaced by the corresponding electric resistances. Zin = Zp + jw L1 + w 2M2/Jw L2 + ZsTransformerA given transformer which is to be replaced by an tantamount web. The T equivalent. M & lt ; = under root of L1L2 The yoke coefficient K is M /under root of L1L2Inductive YokeInduction â€Å" Liter † depends on circuit geometry and medium belongings â€Å" Liter † has intending merely for a closed circuit. However when talk about induction of merely a portion of a circuit, we means the part that a section of a circuit brand ti the entire induction of the closed circuit If sinusoidally, VN = J tungsten B A cosI? Induced noise depends on the country enclosed by the distributed circuit ( VN = J tungsten B A cosI? Or VN = J tungsten M I1 = M vitamin D i1 / vitamin D T Magnetic matching between two circuits Magnetic matching between two circuits Suppression technique: separation circuit ( Ba† Ã¢â‚¬Å" ) ; writhing ( B canceling ) closer to land plane ( Aa† Ã¢â‚¬Å" ) orientation ( cosI?a† Ã¢â‚¬Å" ) Comparison between inductive and capacitive yoke a‘ Capacitive yoke: noise picked up is decreased when electric resistance a† Ã¢â‚¬Å" , but inductive yoke non a‘? Noise electromotive force is produced in series with receiver music director in magnetic field yoke, while in electric field matching noise electromotive force is produced between receiving system and land Magnetic yoke when a shield is placed around the receiving system ( with ungrounded and nonmagnetic shield ) still VS = J tungsten M1S I1 and VN = J tungsten M12 I1 Decision: Even screen grounded at one terminal has no effects on the magnetically induced electromotive force in the centre music director A § 3.5 Magnetic Coupling Between Shield and Inner Conductor Magnetic yoke between a hollow conducting tubing and music director placed inside it Magnetic field produced by current in a cannular music director No field indoors pit Coaxial overseas telegram with shield current flowing so Ls = M Condition: The cogency of above depends merely on the fact that there is no magnetic field in the pit of the tubing due to screen current. Noise electromotive force VN due to screen current Equivalent circuit of the shield music director VN = J tungsten M IS Since Sing M = Ls Finally secret plan of noise electromotive force in shielded music director due to screen current Notes: Break frequence is defined as the shield cutoff frequence

Happiness depends upon ourselves Essays

Happiness depends upon ourselves Essays Happiness depends upon ourselves Paper Happiness depends upon ourselves Paper Happiness depends upon ourselves according to Aristotle but Epictetus believes that When we remember that our aim is spiritual progress, we return to striving to be our best selves. This is how happiness is won. Throughout Rhetorical History it is evident that rhetoric has served as a functional interaction between people and their environment. In order for there to be a functional interaction there must always be an exigency and a remedy as standard elements of the total environment, as well as a rhetorical interaction to support them both. In this paper I intend to examine the rhetorical situations that moved the rhetoricians Aristotle and Epictetus to construct their rhetorical theories. Epictetus, like most rhetoricians has a theory that is marked by imperfections, called exigencies. These imperfections are problems that Epictetus found while creating his theorys ideals. The main exigency for Epictetus and other Stoics was to show their students that philosophy has a practical purpose of guiding people towards leading better lives. According to Epictetus everyone is not perfectly happy for much, or even all of the time. He wanted to show his students that there is a reason for this being the case and most importantly that there are solutions that can remedy this situation. Another aim of Epictetus teaching was to live well to secure for oneself true happiness. Epictetus theory had to fall on the ears of a receptive audience and he found that in the school he formed for upper-class Romans. With students such as Flavius Arrian, and Herodes Atticus, Epictetus was considered the greatest of Stoics. : Epictetus was said to relate his school to the workings of a hospital where students would come to seek treatments for their ills. In stark reality that was true, people flocked to Epictetus schools because it gave them a solvent to the trials of human life and living in society. Every day they were set up with frustrations and obstacles and Epictetus goal was to teach people to see the happiness through those situations. The students who learned from Epictetus were easily able to turn the things they were hearing everyday into something they could use everyday. We have to deal with hostile and offensive people, and we have to cope with the difficulties and anxieties occasioned by the setbacks and illnesses visited upon our friends and relations. Even people with good fortune had to face the fact of their own death, but that was no reason to not search for true happiness. As with any theory there are constraints marked as a way to remove the seen problem in Epictetus theory. Two types of constraints can be identified in any rhetorical theory, artistic and inartistic proofs. Artistic proofs are defined as those things that are in the speakers control. In Epictetus theory, various artistic proofs can be identified. The language that he chose to use, the emotion that he conveyed through his message, and the reason that he used to arrive at how to formulate both of these things are all examples of artistic proofs. There are also inartistic proofs in every theory. These things would be all the ideas that are out of the speakers control. Examples of inartistic proofs in Epictetus theory could be many things, mostly things going on the environment around him and his society. The class status of the students that Epictetus taught would be an inartistic proof. Had Epictetus been directing his speeches at lower class people who had never been schooled, they may have no idea what he was speaking about. The potential students that are attempting to learn have to be on relatively the same level as the teacher. The historical events can also be an example of an inartistic proof. The mindset of the society and the way that they feel about their government, their peers and their noble classes had a huge influence on how they acted in everyday life. Now that Ive discussed the exigencies, the audience, and the constraints of Epictetus, I will focus on the same characteristics of Aristotle. Aristotle taught some of the most influential rhetoricians of his time and to them he tried to instill the same ideals that he valued so much. The most memorable of these was likely the scientific method that he used to explain why things happened the way they did. Aristotles exigency was marked by urgency mostly because he wanted the people of his day to understand what he did. Reason is the source of the first principles of knowledge, and from this reason Aristotle used the ideas that came about to persuade people of what exactly was going on in their day. Public discourse at the time was used to hinder peoples reason and they could never make decisions on their own if they were not taught how to reason for themselves. Aristotle was a firm believer that the mind is led by language, and he used his language to teach the people about their ability to learn and rationalize ideas. Aristotles main goal was to have a democratic government, and he knew that the people would never get to have one without the knowledge base that they needed to be expressive. Rhetoric is essential to any democracy according to Aristotle and it was important for him to teach all aspects of rhetoric to the people who supported it. The people who were most affected by Aristotles views were the people who heard him speak. At the time of his lectures most of these people were people in the kings court. He was hired by various kings to counsel them and lecture in their courts. The ideas that Aristotle was preaching about at the time were easily accepted because the people were easily impressionable. He believed that citizens must have knowledge and reason to be able to express their ideas. They were dealing with things that were easily explained by the scientific ideals that Aristotle believed in, and therefore he wanted to teach them how to express the ideas that they had about the things that were going on. Aristotle said that All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal. This was a simple idea that almost everyone could hold onto. It was explained by logic and was the dominant form of logic for almost 2,000 years. Some constraints were also posed on Aristotles scientific logic. Various artistic and inartistic proofs are identifiable in Aristotles theory. The language that he chose to use was important if nothing else than because he was preaching to men who favored the king he was working for at the time. He had to be very aware of what he was saying in honor of the king. Another artistic proof that Aristotle faced was the emotion that he portrayed in his lectures. People have said that Aristotles ideas would not have been so widely accepted had he not added to them so much emotion while he was speaking. There are also some evident inartistic proofs in Aristotles theory. As in the artistic proofs, the status of the audience members of Aristotles lectures, was very important, but out of his control. He was hired by the king; he could not discriminate who he was appointed to speak to. This brings up another inartistic proof, the government. The government was greatly out of Aristotles control, he was even manipulated by them because he was employed by them. They were however the people who could remove the exigency facing his theory. Both of the rhetors discussed, Aristotle and Epictetus, have similarities and differences in the situations that they faced. Epictetus was more faced with the guidance that he was offering to his students. His issues were more of a moral and emotional case where as Aristotles ideals were focused primarily on science and nature. The audience members that each rhetorician spoke to had personalities of their own as well. While each rhetor spoke to a fairly similar audience, their reasons for doing so were very different. Epictetus knew that he would have to focus his attention to upper class nobles, who had been schooled enough to know vaguely what he was talking about. Aristotle on the other hand, was appointed to teach to the kings court, he had no real decision in who he was preaching to. Aristotle over came this difference by teaching people to teach others. There are also some differences in the artistic and inartistic proofs that each rhetor faced. Epictetus, for example, used a specific language, showed a certain amount of emotion, and the reason that he was trying to convey to his audience. Aristotle believed that emotions were a rational feeling that gets in the way of good reason. Epictetus would have greatly disagreed with this notion that emotions were logical. Epictetus believed that emotions were the way to lead a person to unveil his true happiness. He felt that few people were content with life, but that through his learning they could find solutions to be happy most, if not all of the time. Where Epictetus would try to explain how to overcome the frustrations and setbacks of every conceivable type of complication, Aristotle would spend his time trying to find the truth and showing people how they had arrived at that conclusion. Both rhetors used various means to arrive at the success that they did with the individual audience that they were speaking to. Each one was faced with different exigencies and faced some constraints along the way. However Aristotle and Epictetus both overcame all of these things and were able to teach their message and let it be taught for many years after they were gone. Ashley Mock March 3,2004 Rhetoical Theory Paper #2 593-62-3535 Bitzer, Lloyd, Functional Communication: A Situational Perspective, in E. E. White, ed. ,Rhetoric in Transition (University Park: Pensylvania State UP, 1981) 21-38. James Fieser, Ph. D. , The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Epictetus: Overview: 1 March 2004. iep. utm. edu/ James Fieser, Ph. D. , The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Aristotle: Overview: 1 March 2004. iep. utm. edu/.

The House of the Spirits Essay Example

The House of the Spirits Essay Example The House of the Spirits Essay The House of the Spirits Essay Illegitimacy has always been stigmatized in society, particularly throughout the nineteenth century. This is reflected in literature by characters who are portrayed using stereotypical features of illegitimacy like avidity, intensity or vehemence. The prejudice was that children who are conceived in lust and irresponsibility will result in more sensual and fiery personalities. I will base my study of illegitimate children in literature on the characters of Therese Raquin in Therese Raquin and Esteban Garcia in The House of the Spirits.To study the way in which the two authors portray illegitimacy, Esteban Garcia who is Esteban Truebas illegitimate grandson and Therese Raquin, who is also an illegitimate child, will be compared. Even though it can be argued that these two characters lived in completely different times and have personalities that differ greatly, their illegitimacy and the prejudice that surrounds it brings them together. Because of the stereotype that comes with children who are born outside of marriage, authors sometimes write characters who are particularly passionate, unstable emotionally or impulsive as illegitimate.Both Esteban and Therese have very intense personalities and they are particularly impulsive. In Estebans case, this is shown through violence and physical as well as psychological torture. For Therese, her true nature is shown through her strong sexual desires and extremely passionate lovemaking. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia is shown to have a sickening morbidity to him from a very early age. He leads Esteban Trueba to Pedro Tercero and after his grandfather has injured Pedros hand, Esteban Garcia: had picked up the sliced-off fingers and was holding them like a bouquet of bloody asparagusI vomited all over my boots while the boy smiled impassively.(p.240)The novelist shows us here how perverted the child is as a scene which makes the stoic Esteban Trueba sick, only gets a smile out of Esteban Garcia. In Therese Raquin however, even though Therese had always been an inflamed child and adolescent, she hid it from the people around her and acted as a rather apathetic person. It is once she meets Laurent and they become lovers that her true personality that had been dormant inside her is revealed: It was as though her face had been lit up from within and fire leaped from her flesh. Her boiling blood and taut nerves radiated warmth, something keen and penetrating. (p.63)This shows that even though Therese attempts to conceal her true self, it still comes out eventually. This is an example of determinism, no matter how much effort she puts into hiding her lustful personality, it will still be revealed as it is a part of her. Following the prejudice, children born outside of marriage werent considered to have full membership of society, also their social status cannot have been as important as legitimate children.As it was considered that illegitimate children were closer to animals than proper human beings, they were expected to be more prone to mental ilnesses or being emotionally unstable. Perhaps this was because being seen as an outsider brought on frustration and resent towards society. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia clearly demonstrates resent as he speaks of Alba as She embodied everything he would never have(p.328) :He, barefoot in the mud, swore that one day he would make her pay for her arrogance and avenge himself for his cursed bastard fate. (p.469) Esteban Garcia kept to his promise and later on tortured and sexually abused Alba for weeks. In Therese Raquin, this kind of lower status is also seen. The novelist sometimes describes Therese as he would a domestic animal. She sounds like a type of apathetic pet who lacks a soul and personality: She had always shown such passive obedience that her aunt and husband no longer bothered to ask her opinion. She went where they went, did what they did, without a word of complaint or reproach, without even appearing to notice that she was moving at all. (p.43)It is as though the Raquin family had adopted a wild beast and tamed it into a pet. Zola does however, reveal Thereses true impulsive nature by sudden outbursts. He emphasises these using a lot of animal imagery. This is again an example of determinism. At unexpected times, Therese uncontrollably lets her instinctual side show: One day he (Camille) gave her a push and knocked her over : she leaped to her feet like a wild beast and with face aflame and bloodshot eyes flew at him with both arms raised. (p.41)Events like these reinforce the portrayal of Therese as a wild spirit trapped inside a passive womans body. Comparably, in The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia is sometimes described using animal imagery and seen by other characters to have beast like features. Particularly Alba, who was inflicted by most of his violence and torture. After Esteban forcefully kissed her on her fourteenth birthday Alba is traumatized and even has nightmares: She told no one of that repulsive kiss or of the dreams that she had afterward, in which Garcia appeared as a green beast that tried to strangle her with his paws and asphyxiate her by shoving a slimy tentacle down her throat. (p.374)The way Alba sees Esteban Garcia only emphasises Allendes character as being particularly violent, repulsive and brutal. Therese and Estebans sexual attitude also reveals their instinctive, almost subhuman selves. They both have an enormous apetite for sex and prove to be near savage in practice. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban comes across as sadistic when he fantasises about Alba as she is sitting on his lap:

SLP for the Coca Cola Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP for the Coca Cola Company - Assignment Example In order to perform appropriate SLPs for a particular organization, these kinds of information are highly necessary. They include the rate and mode of pricing although very few of these companies will admit the kind of strategy that they use in their pricing. Because of this, it is vital to conduct necessary research to ensure that all the proper details are collected during SLP. From the information that is provided by the Coca cola Company, they believe that among all its competitors, they are the ones that provide the lowest prices to their customers. However, in real sense, the pricing strategy for this company is such that they depend on the cost of production and thus the overall quality of their products. This is mainly because, the major competitors of this company offer lower prices as their pricing.   This is in the effort to gain entry into a market that is already dominated by the company. In relation to the pricing of companies that offer similar products, which in thi s case are soft drinks and beverages, they all seem to set their prices depending on the quantity of the product. There appears to be no diversity in pricing when it comes to the flavor used for similar goods. This is opposed to other beverage companies that tend to set their prices depending on the type of flavoring that is used in the product. In this sense, the cost of an orange, passion, blackcurrant or cola drink is the same as long as they are all of the same quantity. There is an increase in process as the quantity of the beverage increases.

Strategic Alliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Alliance - Essay Example Nike is one of the largest and most popular athletic footwear company, but it not manufacturing even a single shoe. Similarly, Boeing is one of the biggest aircraft manufacturing companies, but it does not manufacture not more than cockpits or wing bits. These companies have entered into strategic alliances with the suppliers to do the manufacturing activities for them. Strategic Alliance is an agreement between the firms for conducting the business activities together. Strategic alliance goes beyond just informal handshake agreements or partnership. It includes lengthy formal contract in which both the parties also exchange the equity and contribute capital to establish a joint venture firm or corporation Strategic alliance means merger of two companies. This is what is generally assumed, but companies are coming up for multi-strategic alliances nowadays. This might be because they are willing to utilize their strengths to controlling the market. For example, a strategic alliance of six companies was formed to develop General Magic Corporation for developing the communication software called Typescript. The companies involved in the strategic alliance are Apple, Motorola, Sony, AT&T, Philips and Matsushita (Longenecker, & TenaLoeza, 2010, p. 224). The large organizations not only form strategic alliance with big organizations but also with the small companies too. The alliances are formed in order to form joint ventures for using their skills and expertise to promote their competitive advantage. It links two business entities, without affecting the independent legal status of the firm or company (Kale, & Singh, 2009, p. 2). Strategic Alliance Trends The strategic alliances have become a superficial form of business practice, which has its primary focus on increasing the credibility of the business through association of one of more companies. It is also done for achieving the strategic objectives of the company, entering into new market, increasing the market share, increasing the delivery capacity of the company, reducing the cost of operation, and introducing innovative products or services in the market. The alliances of the companies nowadays contribute to 20-33 percent of their annual revenue. The companies get the advantage of handling larger order volumes; they get bigger customers and can offer high quality products or services to the customers. It can be seen that the strategic alliances between the companies are growing at a pace of 25 percent annually (Keasler, & Denning, n. d., p. 3). In an alliance, the different department of the whole organization get involved such as the sales, marketing, supply chain, delivery department, etc. SO it can be well assumed that the support of the internal resources is necessary for a